![]() ![]() But while the tune and the waltzing couples appear on one occasion in a lap dissolve over a shot of Charles, the film’s narration does not unequivocally mark this image-sound set as coming from ‘inside’ Charles’ head (there is nothing like a close-up shot of Charles looking off-screen as if imagining or recalling the tune or image). Through its name, the tune alludes to the secret identity of Uncle Charles (Joseph Cotten) as the “Merry Widow” serial killer of rich widows, on the run from a nationwide police hunt. Occurring firstly during the opening credits and then at crucial moments during the unfolding story, and neither simply diegetic nor non-diegetic, this melody and the brief, hallucinatory scene of waltzing couples that sometimes accompanies it present a conundrum to the spectator/auditor about how to attribute their occurrence in the film. This paper contemplates the curious employment of the “Merry Widow” waltz in the soundtrack of Hitchcock’s early American classic, Shadow of a Doubt. ![]() ![]() Wilbur.This paper was presented at the Alfred Hitchcock conference For the Love of Fear convened by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, held from 31 March to 2 April 2000. This standard of proof is much higher than the civil standard, called “ preponderance of the evidence,” which only requires a certainty greater than 50 percent.įor an article detailing the origins of this standard, download this University of Chicago Law Review article.įor Supreme Court cases related to this legal standard, see Patterson v. ![]() In other words, the jury must be virtually certain of the defendant’s guilt in order to render a guilty verdict. This means that the prosecution must convince the jury that there is no other reasonable explanation that can come from the evidence presented at trial. In a criminal case, the prosecution bears the burden of proving that the defendant is guilty beyond all reasonable doubt. Beyond a reasonable doubt is the legal burden of proof required to affirm a conviction in a criminal case. ![]()
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